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Oeillade noire
'Œillade noire ((:œjad nwaʁ)) is a red French wine grape variety that has been historically grown in the Languedoc and Provence wine region but it is now close to extinction. The grape is often confused for the Rhone wine grape Cinsault which is known under the synonym œillade noire when it is sold as a table grape. It was also once thought to be a color mutation of Picardan which is known as ''œillade blanche'' and share several similar synonyms to œillade noire. However the grape has no known relation to both Cinsault and Picardan.〔J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours'' pg 743, Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2〕
==History==
The name ''œillade'' has two potential origins. The name could come from the French word ''ouiller'' that means "to top up" which can have a winemaking connotation of being a "topping wine" that is used to fill up wine barrels and other containers to remove ullage space that allows air to seep in potential wine faults to develop. It could also be derived from the word ''œil'' which means eye and may be a viticultural reference to the fruiting bud of a grapevine.〔
The first mention of an œillade grape was in the lyrics of a "harvest song" sung by vineyard workers that was recorded in 1544 by the French author Bonaventure des Périers. The lyrics includes reference to "''œillades, cépage de la vallée du Rhône''" which has led many ampelographers to speculate that the lyrics are actually referring to the white Rhone grape Picardan (most notable for being one of the 13 varieties permitted in the Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC) that was historically known as œillade blanche. The first undisputed mentioning of œillade noire was in a 1676 catalogue of black grape varieties compiled by the French botanist Pierre Magnol where œillade is listed along the black-skin grapes of the Terret and Piquepoul families.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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